ARTICLE 4 – SOCIAL TECHNOLOGY

INTRODUCTION
Web 2.0 is one of the social technologies, and it is the updated version of the web 1.0, web 1.0 is defined as connecting people namely known like internet but it is not popularly used. Web 2.0 was introduced by Tim O'Reilly in the year 2004, he characterised web 2.0 is platform, harnessing collective intelligence and rich user experiences.

ANALYSIS
Web were used from the earlier days but it was not reached to everybody therefore according to (D.M. Kristaly ; F.Sisak; L.Truican; S.A. Moraru; F.Sandu ,2008), it should be universally used for highly interactive scripting which helps the people to easily access and enrich their experience in the real world and the intelligent application stated by B.Gibson(2007)it is also increase the usability and dynamic interaction which mean when the user request , it provides automatically such as sports, temperature , score , etc according to B.Gibson(2007).
At the end of 2006, Web 2.0 which is the improved version, referred as people to people which is initially started using in many of the companies. According to the survey of (Paul Zimmerman, 2009) more than 260 IT professionals are working to increase using web 2.0 mainly in blog, RSS and wiki. There are many key applications in Web 2.0 as follows;

KEY APPLICATIONS OF WEB 2.0
Web 2.0 consists of many applications are Blog, Wiki, RSS, Podcasting, Metadata, Tagging, let’s look at the description below;

Blog is the called as weighted conversation, according to P.Anderson (2007) the communication between the poster and the visitor in the way of commenting.

Wiki is a set of web pages, which is more flexible in accessing or editing all the information by everybody, it is good for group work. The amazing aspect of wiki is there is rollback button such helps you to see our previous work cited by J. M. Maness (2006).

RSS is a technology used to blog; we can update information without visiting the web page cited by P.Anderson (2007).

Podcasting allows the user to record audio signals such as interview, lecture class etc, it can be downloaded by internet or RSS. It can be heard by using desktop or mp3 device in your leisure time according to Pat R. Ormond (2008) and P.Anderson (2007)

Metadata is a key word just like a data, but it consists of 3 main features namely it restricted number, name and the meaning of the element to be searched, according to C.Taylor (2003)

Tagging is a user chosen keyword to describe the digital information such as photos, video clip, it allows the user to change the content as well as the metadata, this can also act as bookmark ,the set of tagging occurs by the same user is known as tag clouding according to Michael J. Muller(2007).

REFLECTION FROM PRACTICE
After learning many articles, let me now connect coursework 2 and coursework 3, to know this first, we will start with the meaning of partnership? According to dictionary .com “the relation or the contract created with associating to person or business joining”. When I had a glance of corporate plan 2008-2013, I found our University was lacking in partnership, let’s now see how the partnership is connected with our University are connected with web 2.0 technology, Let’s now consider there are two Universities namely Middlesex and Oxford University, if there is a common blog for each university, which can be accessed by all the students; interested student namely students who wish to share their knowledge can update their interest, some information which can shared in the blog are: course details, coursework details, campus interview, general information, job etc. RSS can also play an important role by updating highlight only their interested works. By doing this, what are the outcomes; good relationship, knowledge shared between both the universities, best alumni.

REFERENCE
1. Becky Gibson (2007),” Enabling an Accessible Web 2.0”, IBM Emerging Technologies, 16th International World Wide Web Conference, pp 1-4 (accessed on 11th February, 2009).

2. Chris Taylor (2003),"An Introduction to Metadata", the University of Queensland, available at http://www.library.uq.edu.au/iad/ctmeta4.html (accessed on 13th February, 2009).

3. D.M. Kristaly ; F.Sisak; L.Truican; S.A. Moraru; F.Sandu ,(2008),”Web 2.0 technologies in web application development”, Transilvania University of Brasov, pp 2-6 (accessed on 11th February, 2009).

4. H.Zhang and H.Su (2007),”Reforming Computing Education with New Web Technology”, Armstrong Atlantic State University, pp 3-10 (accessed on 11th February, 2009).

5. John W. Maxwell (2007),"Using Wiki as a Multi-Mode Publishing Platform", ACM Publication, pp196-197 (accessed on 20th February, 2009).

6. Jack M. Maness (2006), “Library 2.0 Theory: Web 2.0 and Its Implications for Libraries”, MLS, University of Colorado at Boulder Libraries (accessed on 21st February, 2009).

7. Michael J. Muller (2007),"Comparing Tagging Vocabularies among Four Enterprise Tag-Based Services", IBM Research/Collaborative User Experience, pp 341(accessed on 11th February, 2009).

8. Pat R. Ormond (2008),"PODCASTING ENHANCES LEARNING", Utah Valley University, 800 West University Parkway, Orem, Utah 84058, pp 2-3 (accessed on 19th February, 2009).

9. Paul Anderson (2007),"What is Web 2.0? Ideas, technologies and implications for education", JISC Technology and Standards Watch, pp 10 (accessed on 19th February, 2009).

ARTICLE 5- ROLE OF IT IN KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION
What is KMS?
Knowledge Management System is generally based IT which is referred as modern IT namely [Lotus Notes, Intranet, Extranet] which enables to manage, capture and expertise knowledge in an organisation according to (Turban, Leidner, McLean and Wetherbe 2006, 370) and (Laudon K.C. & Laudon J.P., 2007, 66), why it is IT, Is KMS completely depend on IT alone ? No, but it is most recent outcome and therefore they need to use it.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS
As we have come around, there are many systems namely; Management Information System (MIS), Transactional Processing Systems (TPS), Decision Support System (DSS), Executive Information Systems(EIS), Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Supplier Chain Management (SCM), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Expert Systems (ES) and Knowledge Management System (KMS) now what is this systems? How they differ? According to (Alavi M. & Leidner D.E. 1999) KMS is the only system where individuals in an organisation contribute and form a continuous improvement as I have told you it is purely focussing on creating, gathering and implemented which means in simple words data or information is converted to knowledge and then transformed into knowledge Management this type of connectivity is done by system known as KMS.

Types of KMS
There are 3 main types according to (Laudon K.C. & Laudon J.P., 2007);
· Enterprise wide knowledge – it is used for general purpose for collect, store and structuring knowledge, according to (Laudon K.C. & Laudon J.P., 2007).

· Knowledge work systems – This is done for specific purpose ex: 3D visualisation, virtual Reality according to (Laudon K.C. & Laudon J.P., 2007).

· Intelligent techniques – This is tool to solve the problems ex: data mining, fuzzy logic according to (Laudon K.C. & Laudon J.P., 2007).

KM IN ORGANISATION
According to (Knowledge Management: Measuring Knowledge Management in the Business Sector, 2006, 20), the purpose of the KM in Organisation need to first analysis the answers for why, how and what? This is purely depends on the Company policy but in general;
Why questions deals with; what already exist in an organisation and how to meet this to the environmental needs it deals with transformation of stocks, increase in opportunities.
How questions deals with; with creating and implementing a framework, which means how it is created either by one person or many it also tells about the knowledge gained is transformed and stored in database which is use by all members in the organisation.
What questions deals with; with the basic problems like price, market and technological competitiveness.

After lots of research (Alavi M. & Leidner D.E. 1999) as narrated his own points, knowledge management is emphasised in three main parts namely; Information based, Cultural based, technology based

Information based is primarily concern with the current information used in the environment therefore it ensures the customer there will not be any old or wrong data stated by (Alavi M. & Leidner D.E. 1999). Management/ culture based on sharing the knowledge with all the members and they can openly express their views stated by (Alavi M. & Leidner D.E. 1999). Technology based is associated with data warehousing, enterprise- wide systems, experts and intranet which make the outcome more effective and efficient stated by (Alavi M. & Leidner D.E. 1999). Therefore it is well said that how IT is needed in an organisation through technology based knowledge.

REFLECTION FROM PRACTICE
Let us now see with my personal experience how IT is playing a important role in an organisation, as I am working as a interpreter in a birth centre, all the queries to the patient are computerised when I was talking to one of the chief observer, She told it is good that everything is computerized where all the information are stored in the database so that it is easy for us to complete our work and therefore time and energy spend for the documentation of the report is reduced as though everything is clearly stated in the form of print out this makes the patient and ourselves by completing our work to the fullest. How this is related to KMS? The database is the IT component and the computer is the knowledge management system, therefore KMS is well authorized it goes in hand with IT.

REFERENCE
1. Alavi M. & Leidner D.E. 1999.Knowledge Management Systems: Emerging Views and Practices from the Field. Proceedings of the 32nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. IEEE (accessed on 13rd March, 2009).

2. Alavi M. & Leidner D.E. 1999. Knowledge Management Systems: Issues, Challenges and Benefits, vol 1, 4-20 (accessed on 14th March, 2009)

3. Knowledge Management: Measuring Knowledge Management in the Business Sector, (2006), Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), pp20 (accessed on 11st March, 2009).

4. Laudon K.C. and Laudon J.P. (2006). Management information systems: managing the digital firm (10th edition). New Jersey:Prentice Hall, pp 66 (accessed on 13rd March, 2009)

5. Turban E., Leidner D., McLean E, Wetherbe J., (2006). Information Technology for Management: Transforming organizations in the Digital Economy (5th Edition) pp370 (accessed on 13rd March, 2009)

Article 6- KNOWLEDGE CAFE

INTRODUCTION TO KNOWLEDGE CAFE
A knowledge cafe is a group of people, who have a creative conversation about a mutually interested topic in an open environment, it is not only a talk but every individual understand the depth of the topic according to D.Gurteen (2006)and Malhotra (2005).


Fig 1: from Guteen .D(2006)

He also emphasis Knowledge management is not only sharing but it is the understanding of the concept deeper according to D.Gurteen (2006). The concept Speed Networking comes under knowledge cafe, now let’s see what is SPEED NETWORKING?

Speed network is define as getting peoples together talking or discussing about business idea, where you live, how they live. Speed network can be connected to peoples namely 16 or less members, who are looking for work or contact it can be short term but can be processed as long term too, because business are corporation of people which work efficiently according to Derek Polcyn(2008).

REFLECTION FROM PRACTICE
After hearing many videos about knowledge cafe but how is it in real life? I met with a surprising knowledge cafe which was held on February 19, 2009, conducted by our lectures. In the initial steps, they asked as to get information of the unknown people inside our group which was held for around 3 mins which is known as speed network, then starts the actual play we were asked to sit in group which consists of 5 or 4 members and we were asked to discuss about the interesting topic namely “List out the worst things that could prevent an organisation from being able to manage knowledge”, we were little surprise then we started listing for around 3 sheets some are; no experts, no framework, no internet, no skills, no hierarchy, no encouragement, no design, no controller, no communication, no meeting, no manuals, no rules, no resources, no structure, no experience, no training, no restaurant, no cafe area . Etc... Then we consider ourselves as Knowledge Manager and picked out three topics which is majorly used to prevent knowledge in an organisation namely; no communication, no training, no meeting.

By establishing proper socialization among the employees is important, to express and share their knowledge either tacitly or explicitly within the other employee therefore this leads to good communication according to Nonaka (1995) Secondly, if there is no meeting, there is no schedule nor deadline in an organisation. Thirdly, if there is lack in training the employee, they cannot plan their work and they cannot manage the requirements of the external parties Jones, P. M. (2001). Therefore these are few steps to prevent knowledge in an organisation and if it is considered as the positive impact then it is the way to implement knowledge in an organisation.

REFERENCE
1. D.Gurteen (2006). Available at http://www.gurteen.com/gurteen/gurteen.nsf/id/kcafe(accessed on 14th February, 2009).
2. Derek Polcyn (2008).Available at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l6RXa4XUQ4o&feature=related (accessed on 19th February, 2008).
3. Jones, P. M. (2001). Collaborative Knowledge Management, Social Networks and Organisational Learning. [Online].Available:
http://human-factors.arc.nasa.gov/publications/collab_know_paper.pdf. (20th march, 2009).
4. Nonaka, I and Hirotaka T, 1995, the knowledge-creating company: how Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation, New York, Oxford University Press, pp 4-10 (accessed on 14th February, 2009).
5. Yogesh Malhotra (2005),"Integrating Knowledge management technologies in organisational business processes: getting real time enterprises to deliver real business performance", journal of knowledge management vol. 9, no 1, pp 7-28(accessed on 14th February, 2009).